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Compare Seychelles (2001) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)

Compare Seychelles (2001) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)

 Seychelles (2001)Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)
 SeychellesAshmore and Cartier Islands
Administrative divisions 23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe), Grand' Anse (on Praslin), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe La Rue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka -
Age structure 0-14 years:
28.27% (male 11,367; female 11,167)

15-64 years:
65.47% (male 25,453; female 26,737)

65 years and over:
6.26% (male 1,673; female 3,318) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava (tapioca), bananas; broiler chickens; tuna fish -
Airports 14 (2000 est.) -
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
8

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
4 (2000 est.)		 -
Area total:
455 sq km

land:
455 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976. Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free elections in 1993. These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Birth rate 17.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$249 million

expenditures:
$262 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)		 -
Capital Victoria -
Climate tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May) tropical
Coastline 491 km 74.1 km
Constitution 18 June 1993 -
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Seychelles

conventional short form:
Seychelles		 conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Currency Seychelles rupee (SCR) -
Death rate 6.65 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $240 million (1999 est.) -
Dependency status - territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Seychelles; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Seychelles none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Claude Sylvestre MOREL

chancery:
800 Second Avenue, Suite 400C, New York, NY 10017

telephone:
[1] (212) 972-1785

FAX:
[1] (212) 972-1786		 none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory) nationalist group in Indonesia reportedly seeks to populate reefs to assert claims; Australia has moved to close reefs to Indonesian traditional fishing and to create a national park while prospecting for hydrocarbons in the vicinity
Economic aid - recipient $16.4 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. The vulnerability of the tourist sector was illustrated by the sharp drop in 1991-92 due largely to the Gulf war. Although the industry has rebounded, the government recognizes the continuing need for upgrading the sector in the face of stiff international competition. Other issues facing the government are the curbing of the budget deficit and further privatization of public enterprises. Growth slowed in 1998-2000, due to sluggish tourist and tuna sectors. Tight controls on exchange rates and the scarcity of foreign exchange have hindered short-term economic prospects. The black market value of the Seychelles ruppee is half the official exchange rate; without a devaluation of the currency the tourist sector should remain sluggish as vacationers seek cheaper destinations such as Comoros, Mauritius, and Madagascar. no economic activity
Electricity - consumption 148.8 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 160 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Morne Seychellois 905 m		 lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol		 -
Ethnic groups Seychellois (mixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans) -
Exchange rates Seychelles rupees per US dollar - 6.0397 (November 2000), 5.6009 (2000), 5,3426 (1999), 5.2622 (1998), 5.0263 (1997), 4.9700 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 20-22 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2003)

election results:
France Albert RENE reelected president; percent of vote - France Albert RENE (SPPF) 66.7%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN (UO) 19.5%, Sir James MANCHAM (DP) 13.8%		 -
Exports $111 million (f.o.b., 1999) -
Exports - commodities fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports) -
Exports - partners France, UK, Netherlands, Italy, China, Germany, Japan -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side the flag of Australia is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $610 million (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
3.1%

industry:
26.3%

services:
70.6% (1999)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $7,700 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 1.5% (2000 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 4 35 S, 55 40 E 12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note 40 granitic and about 50 coralline islands Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Highways total:
373 km

paved:
315 km

unpaved:
58 km (1997)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $440 million (c.i.f., 1999) -
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals -
Imports - partners South Africa, UK, China, Singapore, France, Italy -
Independence 29 June 1976 (from UK) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries fishing; tourism; processing of coconuts and vanilla, coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture; beverages -
Infant mortality rate 17.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 6% (1999 est.) -
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president -
Labor force 30,900 (1996) -
Labor force - by occupation industry 19%, services 71%, agriculture 10% (1989) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
13%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
11%

other:
74% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), French (official), Creole -
Legal system based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats - 25 elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at least ten percent of the vote; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 20-22 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - SPPF 61.7%, UO 26.1%, DP 12.1%; seats by party - SPPF 30, UO 3, DP 1

note:
the 9 awarded seats are apportioned according to the share of each party in the total vote		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
70.69 years

male:
65.17 years

female:
76.37 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
58%

male:
56%

female:
60% (1971 est.)		 -
Location Eastern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia, south of the Indonesian half of Timor island
Map references Africa Southeast Asia
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 contiguous zone: 12 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,353 GRT/7,638 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)		 -
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Military branches Army, Coast Guard, air wing, National Guard, Presidential Protection Unit, Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $13 million (FY93) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.8% (FY93) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
22,951 (2001 est.)		 -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
11,452 (2001 est.)		 -
National holiday Constitution Day, 18 June (1993) -
Nationality noun:
Seychellois (singular and plural)

adjective:
Seychelles		 -
Natural hazards lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources fish, copra, cinnamon trees fish
Net migration rate -6.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
People - note - the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM]; Seychelles National Party or SNP (formerly the United Opposition or UO) [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]; Seychelles People's Progressive Front or SPPF [France Albert RENE] - the governing party -
Political pressure groups and leaders Roman Catholic Church; trade unions -
Population 79,715 (July 2001 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 0.49% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Victoria none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 2 (1998) -
Radios 42,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Roman Catholic 90%, Anglican 8%, other 2% -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.5 male(s)/female

total population:
0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage 17 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
effective system

domestic:
radiotelephone communications between islands in the archipelago

international:
direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 19,635 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 16,316 (1999) -
Television broadcast stations 2 (plus 9 repeaters) (1997) -
Terrain Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs low with sand and coral
Total fertility rate 1.83 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways none none
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